Neurologic System
Neurologic System
## 1. Meningitis Signs: Kernig & Brudzinski* **Kernig’s Sign**: Pain and resistance when extending the knee while the hip is flexed at 90°.* **Brudzinski’s Sign**: Involuntary flexion of hips and knees when the neck is flexed. ➡️ Both are classic signs of **meningeal irritation**.---## 2. Types of Seizures* **Generalized Seizures** * Tonic-clonic: stiffening (tonic) then jerking (clonic). Postictal confusion. * Absence: brief staring, “daydreaming,” no postictal phase. * Myoclonic: brief jerking/twitching. * Atonic: sudden loss of muscle tone → falls.* **Focal (Partial) Seizures** * Simple: no loss of consciousness, localized twitch/sensory change. * Complex: impaired awareness, automatisms (lip-smacking, picking).---## 3. Differentiating Conditions* **Seizure**: Sudden abnormal electrical activity; repetitive, stereotyped movements, possible postictal confusion.* **Stroke (CVA/TIA)**: Focal neurological deficits (weakness, aphasia, vision loss), usually sudden